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Elevating the role of basal insulin therapy in T2D management: From CGM use to fixed-ratio combinations and once-weekly regimens

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Poll

What is the most common reason for you delaying initiation of basal insulin in T2D?

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Patient refusal/patient fears
   
Lack of time and/or support (e.g. nursing staff, diabetes educators)
   
Lack of knowledge, information and/or guidelines
   
Suboptimal healthcare system infrastructure and/or planning
   

Tutorial

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What % of your T2D patients taking insulin also use continuous glucose monitoring?

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None
   
<25%
   
25–50%
   
>50%
   

Tutorial

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Which of these potential approvals will make the biggest impact on T2D in future?

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A GLP-1 based triple agonist
   
A GLP-1 based pancreatic gene therapy
   
A once-weekly basal insulin
   
A GLP-1 RA/once-weekly basal insulin fixed ratio combination
   
 
Timely initiation of basal insulin therapy in T2D and overcoming barriers to insulin intensification
The role of CGM and time-in-range in optimizing outcomes in T2D patients on basal insulin
The evidence for once-weekly insulins in T2D and the practicalities of their use
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Elevating the role of basal insulin therapy in T2D management: From CGM use to fixed-ratio combinations and once-weekly regimens

  • A practice aid is available for this activity in the Toolkit
  • Downloads including slides are available for this activity in the Toolkit
Learning Objectives

After watching this activity, participants should be better able to:

  • Appraise the importance of timely initiation of basal insulin treatment, and implement strategies to overcome the barriers to insulin intensification in T2D
  • Assess the role of continuous glucose monitoring and time-in-range measurement in supporting achievement of glycaemic control in patients with T2D on basal insulin
  • Recall the efficacy and safety data for once-weekly insulins currently under development for the treatment of T2D and plan for the practicalities of their use
Overview

In this activity, endocrinologists with expertise in type 2 diabetes (T2D) respond to questions from the endocrinology and primary care communities on practical considerations for the use of basal insulin therapy in patients with T2D, with a focus on the current and future use of continuous glucose monitoring, fixed-ratio combinations and once-weekly basal insulin regimens.

This activity is jointly provided by USF Health, EBAC® and touchIME. read more

Target Audience

This activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of diabetologists, endocrinologists and primary care physicians who actively manage patients with type 2 diabetes.

USF Accreditation
Disclosures

USF Health adheres to the Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. All individuals in a position to influence content have disclosed to USF Health any financial relationship with an ineligible organization. USF Health has reviewed and mitigated all relevant financial relationships related to the content of the activity. The relevant relationships are listed below. All individuals not listed have no relevant financial relationships.

Faculty

Dr Viswanathan Mohan discloses Grants or research support from Abbott, Alembic Pharmaceuticals, Apex, Bayer, Biocon, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cipla, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Eli Lilly, Emcure Pharmaceuticals, Fourrts, Franco-Indian Pharmaceuticals, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, GSK, Intas Pharmaceuticals, Ipca Laboratories, LifeScan, Lupin, Mankind Pharma, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Sun Pharma, Torrent Pharmaceuticals, USV Private, Wockhardt and Zydus Lifesciences.

Dr Alice Y Y Cheng discloses Advisory board or panel fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eisai, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Takeda. Consultancy fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eisai, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Takeda. Grants or research support from Applied Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. Speakers bureau fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bausch, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, GSK, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Sanofi.

Content reviewer

Christy Thai, PharmD, BCPS has no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

Touch Medical Contributors

Sola Neunie has no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

USF Health Office of Continuing Professional Development and touchIME staff have no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

Requirements for Successful Completion

In order to receive credit for this activity, participants must review the content and complete the post-test and evaluation form. Statements of credit are awarded upon successful completion of the post-test and evaluation form.

If you have questions regarding credit please contact cpdsupport@usf.edu 

Accreditations

Physicians

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through a joint providership of USF Health and touchIME. USF Health is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

USF Health designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.  Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

The European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) – European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (EACCME) has an agreement of mutual recognition of continuing medical education (CME) credit with the American Medical Association (AMA). European physicians interested in converting AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM into European CME credit (ECMEC) should contact the UEMS (www.uems.eu).

Advanced Practice Providers

Physician Assistants may claim a maximum of 1 Category 1 credits for completing this activity. NCCPA accepts AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM from organizations accredited by ACCME or a recognized state medical society.

The AANPCP accepts certificates of participation for educational activities approved for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM by ACCME-accredited providers. APRNs who participate will receive a certificate of completion commensurate with the extent of their participation.

Date of original release: 28 March 2024. Date credits expire: 28 March 2025.

If you have any questions regarding credit please contact cpdsupport@usf.edu

EBAC® Accreditation

touchIME is an EBAC® accredited provider since 2023.

This programme is accredited by the European Board for Accreditation of Continuing Education for Health Professionals (EBAC®) for up to 1.0 hour(s) of CE credit(s). Each participant should claim only time that has been spent in the educational activity.

The Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME®), and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada hold an agreement on substantial equivalency of accreditation systems with EBAC®.

Through an agreement between the European Board for Accreditation of Continuing Education for Health Professionals and the American Medical Association (AMA), physicians may convert EBAC® CE credits to AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Information on the process to convert EBAC® credit to AMA credit can be found on the AMA website. Other health care professionals may obtain from the AMA a certificate of having participated in an activity eligible for conversion of credit to AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.

Faculty Disclosure Statement / Conflict of Interest Policy

In compliance with EBAC® guidelines, all speakers/ chairpersons participating in this programme have disclosed or indicated potential conflicts of interest which might cause a bias in the presentations. The Organizing Committee/Course Director is responsible for ensuring that all potential conflicts of interest relevant to the event are declared to the audience prior to the CME activities.

Faculty

Dr Viswanathan Mohan discloses Grants or research support from Abbott, Alembic Pharmaceuticals, Apex, Bayer, Biocon, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cipla, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Eli Lilly, Emcure Pharmaceuticals, Fourrts, Franco-Indian Pharmaceuticals, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, GSK, Intas Pharmaceuticals, Ipca Laboratories, LifeScan, Lupin, Mankind Pharma, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Sun Pharma, Torrent Pharmaceuticals, USV Private, Wockhardt and Zydus Lifesciences.

Dr Alice Y Y Cheng discloses Advisory board or panel fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eisai, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Takeda. Consultancy fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eisai, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Takeda. Grants or research support from Applied Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. Speakers bureau fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bausch, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, GSK, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Sanofi.

Christy Thai, PharmD, BCPS has no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

Touch Medical Contributors

Sola Neunie has no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

Requirements for Successful Completion

Certificates of Completion may be awarded upon successful completion of the post-test and evaluation form. If you have completed one hour or more of effective education through EBAC® accredited CE activities, please contact us at accreditation@touchime.org to receive your EBAC® CE credit certificate. EBAC® grants 1 CE credit for every hour of education completed. 

Date of original release: 28 March 2024. Date credits expire: 28 March 2025.

Time to Complete: 1 hour

If you have any questions regrading the EBAC® credits, please contact accreditation@touchime.org 

This activity is CE/CME accredited

To obtain the CE/CME credit(s) from this activity, please complete this post-activity test.

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  • Downloads including slides are available for this activity in the Toolkit

Topics covered in this activity

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touchIN CONVERSATION
Elevating the role of basal insulin therapy in T2D management: From CGM use to fixed-ratio combinations and once-weekly regimens
1 CE/CME credit

Question 1/4
Which of these is a potential consequence of delayed initiation of basal insulin in patients with T2D?

T2D, type 2 diabetes.

Delayed initiation of basal insulin in patients with T2D is associated with chronic hyperglycaemia,1 micro- and macrovascular complications2,3 – the latter of which are not reversible with tighter glucose control4 – a diminished quality of life and a reduction in psychological wellbeing.2,5 Long-term delays to basal insulin initiation can ultimately lead to an increased risk of early mortality.5,6

T2D, type 2 diabetes.

References

  1. Zografou I, et al. Hippokratia. 2014;18:306–9.
  2. Martinez M, et al. BMJ Open Diab Res Care. 2021;9:e002032.
  3. Harding JL, et al. Diabetologica. 2019;62:3–16.
  4. Lovre D, Fonseca V. J Diabetes Complications. 2015;29:295–301.
  5. Kim SG, et al. J Diabetes Investig. 2017;8:346–53.
  6. Khunti K, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22:722–33.
Question 2/4
Your patient with T2D is asking you about the differences between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology and their usual HbA1c test. How would you explain the difference between these two methods of measuring the patient’s glucose level?

CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; T2D, type 2 diabetes.

CGM uses a subcutaneous sensor to measure interstitial glucose concentrations every few minutes, enabling a comprehensive assessment of an individual patient’s glucose profile.1 Although HbA1c testing at HCP follow-ups provides an indication of glycaemic control, it does not evaluate short-term glycaemic variability or daily fluctuations in glucose, meaning low or high values that may occur can be missed.1–3 Retrospective review of CGM data provides clinicians with further insights into how to efficiently manage the patient’s treatment plan, allowing for timely analysis of a treatment’s effects rather than having to wait for the next HbA1c measurement.1 

CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HCP, healthcare professional.

References

  1. Kushner PR, Kruger DF. Clin Diabetes. 2020;38:348–56.
  2. Martinez M, et al. BMJ Open Diab Res Care. 2021;9:e002032.
  3. Eyth E, Naik R. 2023. Mar 13. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–.
Question 3/4
You are examining the data from your patient’s continuous blood glucose monitor to assess their time-in-range. For what percentage of a 24-hour period should you aim for your patient’s blood glucose reading to be 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL)?

TIR is defined as the percentage of the time that CGM readings are between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L (70 and 180 mg/dL), with a TIR of >70% (i.e. >16 hours and 48 minutes in a day) roughly equating to a HbA1c value of <7%. The 2019 international consensus on time-in-range suggests aiming for <4% of the time (<1 hour) below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and <1% of the time (<15 minutes) with a blood glucose reading below 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL).1,2

CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; TIR, time-in-range.

References

  1. Battelino T, et al. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:1593–603.
  2. Saboo B, et al. Heliyon. 2021;7:e05967.
Question 4/4
Which of these best describes the results for once-weekly insulin icodec compared with the comparator daily basal insulin in an insulin-naive population with T2D? “Compared with the daily basal insulin comparator, icodec demonstrated…”

HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; T2D, type 2 diabetes.

ONWARDS 1 and ONWARDS 3 are phase IIIa clinical trials examining the effect of once-weekly insulin icodec versus a once-daily insulin comparator (glargine U100 and degludec, respectively) in insulin-naive patients with T2D.1,2

The results demonstrated non-inferiority and superiority for icodec versus the comparator for the mean change in HbA1c from baseline (ONWARDS 1: non-inferiority, p<0.001 and superiority, p=0.02;1 ONWARDS 3: non-inferiority, p<0.001 and superiority, p=0.0022). The rate of level 2 or 3 hypoglycaemia (per patient years of exposure) was 0.3 for icodec and 0.2 for the comparator daily insulin in both trials.1,2

HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; T2D, type 2 diabetes.

References

  1. Rosenstock J, et al. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:297–308.
  2. Lingvay I, et al. JAMA. 2023;330:228–37.
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